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Diabetes and Exercise
 There are two main types of diabetes, type I and
type II. Type I diabetes is characterized by the
pancreas making too little or no insulin. An
individual with diabetes type I will have to
inject insulin throughout the day in order to
control glucose levels. Type II diabetes, also
known as adult onset diabetes, is characterized
by the pancreas not producing enough insulin to
control glucose levels or the cells not
responding to insulin. When a cell does not
respond to insulin, it is known as insulin
resistance. When a subject is diagnosed with
type II diabetes, exercise and weight control
are prescribed as measures to help with insulin
resistance. If this does not control glucose
levels, then medication is prescribed. The risk
factors for type II diabetes include:
inactivity, high cholesterol, obesity, and
hypertension. Inactivity alone is a very strong
risk factor that has been proven to lead to
diabetes type II. Exercise will have a positive
effect on diabetes type II while improving
insulin sensitivity while type I cannot be
controlled be an exercise program. Over 90% of
individuals with diabetes have type II.
Exercise causes the body to process glucose faster, which lowers blood
sugar. The more intense the exercise, the faster
the body will utilize glucose. Therefore it is
important to understand the differences in
training with type I and type II diabetes. It is
important for an individual who has diabetes to
check with a physician before beginning an
exercise program. When training with a diabetic,
it is important to understand the dangers of
injecting insulin immediately prior to exercise.
An individual with type I diabetes injecting
their normal amount of
insulin for a sedentary situation can pose the risk of
hypoglycemia or insulin shock during exercise.
General exercise guidelines for type I are as
follows: allow adequate rest during exercise
sessions to prevent high blood pressure, use low
impact exercises and avoid heavy weight lifting,
and always have a supply of carbohydrates
nearby. If blood sugar levels get too low, the
individual may feel shaky, disoriented, hungry,
anxious, become irritable or experience
trembling. Consuming a carbohydrate snack or
beverage will alleviate these symptoms in a
matter of minutes.
Before engaging in exercise, it is important for blood sugar levels to
be tested to make sure that they are not below
80 to 100 mg/dl range and not above 250 mg/dl.
Glucose levels should also be tested before,
during, after and three to five hours after
exercise. During this recovery period (3-5 hours
after exercise), it is important for diabetics
to consume ample carbohydrates in order to
prevent hypoglycemia.
Exercise will greatly benefit an individual with type II diabetes
because of its positive effects on insulin
sensitivity. Proper exercise and nutrition are
the best forms of prevention for type II
diabetics. It is important for training
protocols to be repeated almost daily to help
with sustaining insulin sensitivity. To prevent
hypoglycemia, progressively work up to strenuous
activity.
As with individuals with type I diabetes, carbohydrates should also be
present during training to assist in raising
blood sugar levels if the individual becomes
low.
Article from Health Giants Newsletter: http://health-giants.blogspot.com
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